155 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
155 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
|
## computed
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#### 计算属性
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
- 计算属性是基于它们的响应式依赖进行缓存的
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```js
|
|||
|
<div id="example">
|
|||
|
<p>Original message: "{{ message }}"</p>
|
|||
|
<p>Computed reversed message: "{{ reversedMessage }}"</p>
|
|||
|
</div>
|
|||
|
var vm = new Vue({
|
|||
|
el: '#example',
|
|||
|
data: {
|
|||
|
message: 'Hello'
|
|||
|
},
|
|||
|
computed: {
|
|||
|
// 计算属性的 getter
|
|||
|
reversedMessage: function () {
|
|||
|
// `this` 指向 vm 实例
|
|||
|
return this.message.split('').reverse().join('')
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
})
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<p>Reversed message: "{{ reversedMessage() }}"</p>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
// 在组件中
|
|||
|
methods: {
|
|||
|
reversedMessage: function () {
|
|||
|
return this.message.split('').reverse().join('')
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#### 监听属性
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
- 类似watch
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```js
|
|||
|
<div id="demo">{{ fullName }}</div>
|
|||
|
// watch
|
|||
|
var vm = new Vue({
|
|||
|
el: '#demo',
|
|||
|
data: {
|
|||
|
firstName: 'Foo',
|
|||
|
lastName: 'Bar',
|
|||
|
fullName: 'Foo Bar'
|
|||
|
},
|
|||
|
watch: {
|
|||
|
firstName: function (val) {
|
|||
|
this.fullName = val + ' ' + this.lastName
|
|||
|
},
|
|||
|
lastName: function (val) {
|
|||
|
this.fullName = this.firstName + ' ' + val
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
})
|
|||
|
//
|
|||
|
var vm = new Vue({
|
|||
|
el: '#demo',
|
|||
|
data: {
|
|||
|
firstName: 'Foo',
|
|||
|
lastName: 'Bar'
|
|||
|
},
|
|||
|
computed: {
|
|||
|
fullName: function () {
|
|||
|
return this.firstName + ' ' + this.lastName
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
})
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#### set
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```js
|
|||
|
computed: {
|
|||
|
fullName: {
|
|||
|
// getter
|
|||
|
get: function () {
|
|||
|
return this.firstName + ' ' + this.lastName
|
|||
|
},
|
|||
|
// setter
|
|||
|
set: function (newValue) {
|
|||
|
var names = newValue.split(' ')
|
|||
|
this.firstName = names[0]
|
|||
|
this.lastName = names[names.length - 1]
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
// 现在再运行 vm.fullName = 'John Doe' 时,setter 会被调用,vm.firstName 和 vm.lastName 也会相应地被更新。
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
## 监听器
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
- 当需要在数据变化时执行异步或开销较大的操作时,这个方式是最有用的。
|
|||
|
- 在这个示例中,使用 `watch` 选项允许我们执行异步操作 (访问一个 API),限制我们执行该操作的频率,并在我们得到最终结果前,设置中间状态。这些都是计算属性无法做到的。
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
```js
|
|||
|
<div id="watch-example">
|
|||
|
<p>
|
|||
|
Ask a yes/no question:
|
|||
|
<input v-model="question">
|
|||
|
</p>
|
|||
|
<p>{{ answer }}</p>
|
|||
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<!-- 因为 AJAX 库和通用工具的生态已经相当丰富,Vue 核心代码没有重复 -->
|
|||
|
<!-- 提供这些功能以保持精简。这也可以让你自由选择自己更熟悉的工具。 -->
|
|||
|
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios@0.12.0/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
|
|||
|
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/lodash@4.13.1/lodash.min.js"></script>
|
|||
|
<script>
|
|||
|
var watchExampleVM = new Vue({
|
|||
|
el: '#watch-example',
|
|||
|
data: {
|
|||
|
question: '',
|
|||
|
answer: 'I cannot give you an answer until you ask a question!'
|
|||
|
},
|
|||
|
watch: {
|
|||
|
// 如果 `question` 发生改变,这个函数就会运行
|
|||
|
question: function (newQuestion, oldQuestion) {
|
|||
|
this.answer = 'Waiting for you to stop typing...'
|
|||
|
this.debouncedGetAnswer()
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
},
|
|||
|
created: function () {
|
|||
|
// `_.debounce` 是一个通过 Lodash 限制操作频率的函数。
|
|||
|
// 在这个例子中,我们希望限制访问 yesno.wtf/api 的频率
|
|||
|
// AJAX 请求直到用户输入完毕才会发出。想要了解更多关于
|
|||
|
// `_.debounce` 函数 (及其近亲 `_.throttle`) 的知识,
|
|||
|
// 请参考:https://lodash.com/docs#debounce
|
|||
|
this.debouncedGetAnswer = _.debounce(this.getAnswer, 500)
|
|||
|
},
|
|||
|
methods: {
|
|||
|
getAnswer: function () {
|
|||
|
if (this.question.indexOf('?') === -1) {
|
|||
|
this.answer = 'Questions usually contain a question mark. ;-)'
|
|||
|
return
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
this.answer = 'Thinking...'
|
|||
|
var vm = this
|
|||
|
axios.get('https://yesno.wtf/api')
|
|||
|
.then(function (response) {
|
|||
|
vm.answer = _.capitalize(response.data.answer)
|
|||
|
})
|
|||
|
.catch(function (error) {
|
|||
|
vm.answer = 'Error! Could not reach the API. ' + error
|
|||
|
})
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
})
|
|||
|
</script>
|
|||
|
```
|
|||
|
|